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The Book of Revelation describes a war in heaven between angels led by the archangel Michael against those led by "the dragon", identified with "the devil and Satan", who are defeated and thrown down to the earth.〔(Joan Young Gregg, ''Devils, Women, and Jews: Reflections of the Other in Medieval Sermon Stories'', page 28 (State University of New York, 1997). ISBN 0-7914-3417-6 )〕 Revelation's war in heaven is related to the idea of fallen angels, and possible parallels have been proposed in the Hebrew Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls. ==Revelation 12:7-13== Modern Bible commentators view the "war in heaven" in Revelation 12:7-13 as an eschatological vision of the end of time or as a reference to spiritual warfare within the church, rather than (as in Milton's ''Paradise Lost'') "the story of the origin of Satan/Lucifer as an angel who rebelled against God in primeval times."〔(The People's New Testament Commentary, by M. Eugene Boring, Fred B. Craddock (Westminster John Knox Press 2004 ISBN 0-664-22754-6) ), p. 800; cf. (Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible; ) (Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary; ) (Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary on the Bible. )〕 Some Christian commentators have seen the ''war in heaven'' as "not literal" but symbolic of events on earth.〔''One hundred and seventy three sermons on several subjects'': Volume 1, Page 137 Samuel Clarke, John Clarke, J. Leathley ((Dublin)), 1751 "7. that X. there was War in Heaven ; Michael and his Angels *- fought against the Dragon, and the Dragon fought and his Angels ... But the Meaning of this Passage is not literal, as if the Devil had Power to fight against the Angels or Ministers of God's government"〕〔Charles Edward Smith ''The world lighted: a study of the Apocalypse'' 1890 "Of course not literal war, nor literally in heaven; not the actual clash of arms between Michael and his angels, and Satan and his wicked cohorts. But something on earth worthy to be represented by such a Titanic contest."〕 In Milton's (1608–1674) ''Paradise Lost'', the angel Lucifer leads a rebellion against God before the Fall of Man. A third of the angels are hurled from Heaven, including pagan gods such as Moloch and Belial.〔(Paradise Lost, Book VI )〕 Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758) said in his sermon ''Wisdom Displayed in Salvation'': "Satan and his angels rebelled against God in heaven, and proudly presumed to try their strength with his. And when God, by his almighty power, overcame the strength of Satan, and sent him like lightning from heaven to hell with all his army; Satan still hoped to get the victory by subtilty".〔(The Works of President Edwards )〕 In the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (1911) article "St. Michael the Archangel", Frederick Holweck wrote: "St. John speaks of the great conflict at the end of time, which reflects also the battle in heaven at the beginning of time." He added that Michael's name "was the war-cry of the good angels in the battle fought in heaven against the enemy and his followers."〔(Holweck, Frederick. "St. Michael the Archangel", ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'', Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. Retrieved 28 January 2010 )〕 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) teaches that Revelation 12 concerns an actual event in the pre-mortal existence of man. The Book of Moses, included in the LDS standard works, references the War in Heaven and Satan's origin as a fallen angel of light.〔.〕 This image of a war in heaven at the end of time became added to the story of a fall of Satan at the beginning of time, including not only Satan but a third of all angels as well, referred to in the phrase "the dragon and his angels".〔The phrase "the devil and his angels" in shows that the idea of angels associated with the devil preceded the writing of Revelation.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「War in Heaven」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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